Universidad de Vigo
La Coruña, España
Breve selección de autoras y autores imprescindibles
Es extremadamente difícil seleccionar un grupo de autoras y autores del Caribe, porque ello implica siempre exclusiones. A pesar de esto, a continuación se ofrece un pequeño acercamiento a tres autoras y dos autores cuya lectura es, a mi juicio, imprescindible para quienes deseen acercarse a la literatura caribeña anglófona. La selección no incluye ni a V.S. Naipaul ni a Derek Walcott, los dos Premios Nobel caribeños, ya que considero que estos son más fácilmente accesibles al gran público de habla hispana, al estar su obra traducida y ampliamente difundida. Tampoco he incluido otros clásicos del llamado boom de la literatura caribeña de los años cincuenta, como George Lamming o Sam Selvon.
Mi criterio ha sido elegir, de entre los muchos posibles, cinco nombres contemporáneos, consolidados y representativos de la enorme riqueza y variedad de esta literatura. Espero que esta breve selección satisfaga las expectativas de las lectoras y lectores de Vetas Digital y los anime a ir más allá en la lectura.
Merle Collins (Granada, 1950)
Aunque nació en Aruba, Merle Collins se crió en Granada y adquirió la nacionalidad granadina. A pesar de que hace ya muchos años que no reside permanentemente en el Caribe, su escritura, tanto poética como narrativa, siempre ha estado muy vinculada a la región y muy involucrada personalmente en sus luchas políticas y sociales. De hecho, la autora abandonó el Caribe de manera permanente tras el derrocamiento de Maurice Bishop por la invasión estadounidense de Granada, en octubre de 1983, un acontecimiento que puso fin violentamente a las esperanzas que muchos intelectuales habían depositado en el nuevo período.
En la obra de Collins siempre ocupa un papel central la revisión de la historia del colonialismo en sus diversos aspectos: el genocidio de los pueblos nativos caribeños, la esclavitud de las esclavas y esclavos africanos, la represión cultural en favor de la cultura metropolitana, impuesta a través del sistema educativo, la lucha por la descolonización y la independencia, el neocolonialismo y la opresión de género. También destaca su preocupación por las tradiciones populares afrocaribeñas y por la dignificación del criollo como lengua literaria, ambos aspectos claves en la resistencia cultural que Collins preconiza en todas sus obras y también en sus escritos ensayísticos. Collins es una autora muy respetada y premiada que, hasta la fecha, ha publicado tres poemarios: Because the Dawn Breaks (1985), Rotten Pomerack (1992) y Lady in a Boat (2003); dos novelas: Angel (1987) y The Colour of Forgetting (1992), y la colección de cuentos Rain Darling (1990).
Fragmento de “Crick Crack” (Rotten Pomerack)
But some stories come
with no crick with no crack
and still monkey does well
break they back on a
rotten pomerack
no crick no crack
but they go west find India
so just call it West Indies
so we say, well
Look at that!
Not a crick or a crack
But sound like monkey well
breaking he back on some
rotten pomerack
no crick no crack
but 1992 they say
is five hundred years since
the discovery of America
We say
For true? But
look at that!
not a crick or a crack
but monkey well
smashing up he back
on a rotten pomerack
so what is the mirage and
what reality?
do we know what is truth
and what is truly fiction?
[...]
until lions have their own historians,
they say,
tales of hunting will always
glorify the hunter
tales of hunting will always
glorify the hunter
until the lioness
is her own
hiss-
-torian
Aunque nació en Aruba, Merle Collins se crió en Granada y adquirió la nacionalidad granadina. A pesar de que hace ya muchos años que no reside permanentemente en el Caribe, su escritura, tanto poética como narrativa, siempre ha estado muy vinculada a la región y muy involucrada personalmente en sus luchas políticas y sociales. De hecho, la autora abandonó el Caribe de manera permanente tras el derrocamiento de Maurice Bishop por la invasión estadounidense de Granada, en octubre de 1983, un acontecimiento que puso fin violentamente a las esperanzas que muchos intelectuales habían depositado en el nuevo período.
En la obra de Collins siempre ocupa un papel central la revisión de la historia del colonialismo en sus diversos aspectos: el genocidio de los pueblos nativos caribeños, la esclavitud de las esclavas y esclavos africanos, la represión cultural en favor de la cultura metropolitana, impuesta a través del sistema educativo, la lucha por la descolonización y la independencia, el neocolonialismo y la opresión de género. También destaca su preocupación por las tradiciones populares afrocaribeñas y por la dignificación del criollo como lengua literaria, ambos aspectos claves en la resistencia cultural que Collins preconiza en todas sus obras y también en sus escritos ensayísticos. Collins es una autora muy respetada y premiada que, hasta la fecha, ha publicado tres poemarios: Because the Dawn Breaks (1985), Rotten Pomerack (1992) y Lady in a Boat (2003); dos novelas: Angel (1987) y The Colour of Forgetting (1992), y la colección de cuentos Rain Darling (1990).
Fragmento de “Crick Crack” (Rotten Pomerack)
But some stories come
with no crick with no crack
and still monkey does well
break they back on a
rotten pomerack
no crick no crack
but they go west find India
so just call it West Indies
so we say, well
Look at that!
Not a crick or a crack
But sound like monkey well
breaking he back on some
rotten pomerack
no crick no crack
but 1992 they say
is five hundred years since
the discovery of America
We say
For true? But
look at that!
not a crick or a crack
but monkey well
smashing up he back
on a rotten pomerack
so what is the mirage and
what reality?
do we know what is truth
and what is truly fiction?
[...]
until lions have their own historians,
they say,
tales of hunting will always
glorify the hunter
tales of hunting will always
glorify the hunter
until the lioness
is her own
hiss-
-torian
Fred D’Aguiar (Gran Bretaña, 1960)
Fred D’Aguiar nació en Londres de padres guyaneses y a los dos años se trasladó a Guyana, donde residió con sus abuelos en un pueblecito llamado Airy Hall, al que después dedicó una de sus obras poéticas. Más tarde, volvió a Londres, donde continuó su educación, al tiempo que desarrollaba su conciencia política en medio de la tensión racial de los años setenta. Comenzó a publicar en 1985 y desde el principio su poesía fue muy bien recibida por la crítica. Sus dos primeros poemarios, Mama Dot (1985) y Airy Hall (1989), en los que rinde homenaje a su Guyana de origen, obtuvieron respectivamente el premio Malcolm X de Poesía y el Premio Nacional de Poesía de Guyana. Otros poemarios posteriores son British Subjects (1993), donde explora la alienación de los hijos de inmigrantes, que sufren exclusión en su propio país de nacimiento, y Bill of Rights (1998), sobre la masacre de Jonestown, Guyana, en 1978.
D’Aguiar es autor también de dos obras de teatro: High Life (1987) y A Jamaican Airman Foresees His Death (1995), y hasta la fecha ha publicado cinco novelas. En 1994, The Longest Memory (traducida al español como La memoria más larga) cosechó diversos premios, entre ellos el premio David Higham de ficción y el premio Whitbread a la primera novela. The Longest Memory constituye una interesantísima revisión polifónica de la intrahistoria de la esclavitud a través de diversos personajes entre los que destaca el esclavo Whitechapel (la voz narrativa del fragmento seleccionado). El tema de la esclavitud lo retomó más tarde en otras dos novelas: Feeding the Ghosts (El mar de los fantasmas, 1997), que ficcionaliza un episodio histórico en que una esclava sobrevivió después de haber sido arrojada por la borda de un barco esclavista, y Bloodlines (2000), una novela en verso (o poema narrativo) que explora las relaciones interrraciales durante la esclavitud y sus consecuencias en el mundo contemporáneo. Sus otras novelas son Dear Future (1996) y Bethany Bettany (2003), ambas vinculadas a Guyana y al mundo de la infancia.
En la actualidad D’Aguiar es director del Master de Escritura Creativa en el Virginia Technical Institute and State University.
Fragmento de The Longest Memory
The future is just more of the past waiting to happen. You do not want to know my past nor do you want to know my name for the simple reason that I have none and would have to make it up to please you. What my eyes say has never been true. All these years of my life are in my hands, not in these eyes or even in this head. I woke up one day before the estate stirred, tiptoed over my workmates, former playmates and bedfellows and everything else to do with robbed intimacy, unlatched the door, confronted a damp, starlit morning and decided that from this day I had no name. I was just boy, mule, nigger, slave or whatever else anyone chose to call me. I have been called many other things besides. My eyes are bloodshot and rheumy. I have not been crying: I don’t do that anymore. The last time I cried was over the pointless death of a boy I loved as my own. I swore it would be the last time because it hurt more than any pain I’d felt before or since. I never knew crying could take over a body so, rock it, shake it, rattle it, thump it so that the body feels wrecked and cries without tears or movement of any kind, out of sheer exhaustion, excepts for that moan, groan, hoarse, bass wail. that was me over the whipping of a boy who had to know better somehow and would have learned with a good talking to, or even a beating in these circumstances but not this, not this. I don’t want to remember. Memory hurts. Like crying. But still and deep. Memory rises to the skin then I can’t be touched. I hurt all over, my bones ache, my teeth loosen in their gums, my nose bleed. Don’t make me remember. I forget as hard as I can. (“Remembering”)
Fred D’Aguiar nació en Londres de padres guyaneses y a los dos años se trasladó a Guyana, donde residió con sus abuelos en un pueblecito llamado Airy Hall, al que después dedicó una de sus obras poéticas. Más tarde, volvió a Londres, donde continuó su educación, al tiempo que desarrollaba su conciencia política en medio de la tensión racial de los años setenta. Comenzó a publicar en 1985 y desde el principio su poesía fue muy bien recibida por la crítica. Sus dos primeros poemarios, Mama Dot (1985) y Airy Hall (1989), en los que rinde homenaje a su Guyana de origen, obtuvieron respectivamente el premio Malcolm X de Poesía y el Premio Nacional de Poesía de Guyana. Otros poemarios posteriores son British Subjects (1993), donde explora la alienación de los hijos de inmigrantes, que sufren exclusión en su propio país de nacimiento, y Bill of Rights (1998), sobre la masacre de Jonestown, Guyana, en 1978.
D’Aguiar es autor también de dos obras de teatro: High Life (1987) y A Jamaican Airman Foresees His Death (1995), y hasta la fecha ha publicado cinco novelas. En 1994, The Longest Memory (traducida al español como La memoria más larga) cosechó diversos premios, entre ellos el premio David Higham de ficción y el premio Whitbread a la primera novela. The Longest Memory constituye una interesantísima revisión polifónica de la intrahistoria de la esclavitud a través de diversos personajes entre los que destaca el esclavo Whitechapel (la voz narrativa del fragmento seleccionado). El tema de la esclavitud lo retomó más tarde en otras dos novelas: Feeding the Ghosts (El mar de los fantasmas, 1997), que ficcionaliza un episodio histórico en que una esclava sobrevivió después de haber sido arrojada por la borda de un barco esclavista, y Bloodlines (2000), una novela en verso (o poema narrativo) que explora las relaciones interrraciales durante la esclavitud y sus consecuencias en el mundo contemporáneo. Sus otras novelas son Dear Future (1996) y Bethany Bettany (2003), ambas vinculadas a Guyana y al mundo de la infancia.
En la actualidad D’Aguiar es director del Master de Escritura Creativa en el Virginia Technical Institute and State University.
Fragmento de The Longest Memory
The future is just more of the past waiting to happen. You do not want to know my past nor do you want to know my name for the simple reason that I have none and would have to make it up to please you. What my eyes say has never been true. All these years of my life are in my hands, not in these eyes or even in this head. I woke up one day before the estate stirred, tiptoed over my workmates, former playmates and bedfellows and everything else to do with robbed intimacy, unlatched the door, confronted a damp, starlit morning and decided that from this day I had no name. I was just boy, mule, nigger, slave or whatever else anyone chose to call me. I have been called many other things besides. My eyes are bloodshot and rheumy. I have not been crying: I don’t do that anymore. The last time I cried was over the pointless death of a boy I loved as my own. I swore it would be the last time because it hurt more than any pain I’d felt before or since. I never knew crying could take over a body so, rock it, shake it, rattle it, thump it so that the body feels wrecked and cries without tears or movement of any kind, out of sheer exhaustion, excepts for that moan, groan, hoarse, bass wail. that was me over the whipping of a boy who had to know better somehow and would have learned with a good talking to, or even a beating in these circumstances but not this, not this. I don’t want to remember. Memory hurts. Like crying. But still and deep. Memory rises to the skin then I can’t be touched. I hurt all over, my bones ache, my teeth loosen in their gums, my nose bleed. Don’t make me remember. I forget as hard as I can. (“Remembering”)
Mutabaruka (Jamaica, 1952)
Mutabaruka es el nombre que el jamaicano Allen Hope adquirió cuando se convirtió al Rastafarianismo a finales de los años sesenta. Se trata de un nombre ruandés que significa “el que siempre es victorioso”. Su conversión significó un cambio radical en su vida: dejó su empleo en la compañía telefónica y se retiró a vivir con su familia en el campo siguiendo los estrictos principios de la filosofía rastafari. A partir de entonces, se dedicó a escribir poemas que ha venido publicando y también grabando hasta la actualidad. Su libro más reciente es Mutabaruka: The First Poems / The Next Poems (2005), un doble volumen que reúne, por una parte, las primeras colecciones de poemas que publicó en los años setenta y, por otra parte, una antología de sus mejores composiciones realizadas entre 1980 y 2002.
Los textos poéticos de Mutabaruka tienen una gran fuerza que se ve incrementada con su poderosa apariencia y puesta en escena: tiene un gran mechón blanco en medio de sus largas rastas negras y siempre actúa descalzo. Además, su voz es extremadamente profunda, y sabe utilizarla con maestría para enfatizar e incrementar la trascendencia política que sus textos tienen en sí mismos. Como la mayoría de los poetas dub (aunque esta etiqueta sólo describe una parte de su trabajo, como él mismo ha manifestado), escribe en criollo jamaicano, inscribiéndose así en la importante tradición de poesía popular que cuenta con ilustres representantes como la jamaicana Louise Bennett, la entrañable Miss Lou.
Mutabaruka es un artista muy popular, que continúa realizando actuaciones por todo el mundo. Es probablemente el poeta dub más conocido de Jamaica, junto con Linton Kwesi Johnson, originario de Jamaica pero radicado en Gran Bretaña.
“Nursery Rhyme Lament” (Outcry)
fus time
jack an' jill
use fi run up de hill everyday
now dem get pipe
wata rate increase
everday dem woulda reincarnate humpty dumpty
fi fall of de wall
likkle bway blue
who love to blow im horn to de sheep in the meddow
likkle bway blue grow up now
an de sheep dem get curried
ina likkle cold suppa shap dang de street
yuh rememba wen man dida panda fi guh moon
yet dem did 'ave de cat a play fiddle
suh de cow coulda jump ova it every full moon
an' ...lite bill increase
...den there was de old ooman
who neva huh nuh family plannin clinic
she use fi live somewhey dung a back-o-wall
ina a lef' foot shoe
back-o-wall tun tivoli gardens now
suh she move
jack sprat...yes jack sprat
who could'nt stan' fat
im start eat it now
but im son tun vegetarian
cause meat scarce
likkle bo peep who lost her sheep
went out fi look fi dem
an' fine a politician instead
an is now livin on beverly hills
an society grow...
dickory dickory doc
de mouse run up de clock
all de tennants 'ave heart attack
suh de lan' lard nuh 'ave need fi com back
fus time man use fi lov' dem
but dem deh days dun
an wi write...
Mutabaruka es el nombre que el jamaicano Allen Hope adquirió cuando se convirtió al Rastafarianismo a finales de los años sesenta. Se trata de un nombre ruandés que significa “el que siempre es victorioso”. Su conversión significó un cambio radical en su vida: dejó su empleo en la compañía telefónica y se retiró a vivir con su familia en el campo siguiendo los estrictos principios de la filosofía rastafari. A partir de entonces, se dedicó a escribir poemas que ha venido publicando y también grabando hasta la actualidad. Su libro más reciente es Mutabaruka: The First Poems / The Next Poems (2005), un doble volumen que reúne, por una parte, las primeras colecciones de poemas que publicó en los años setenta y, por otra parte, una antología de sus mejores composiciones realizadas entre 1980 y 2002.
Los textos poéticos de Mutabaruka tienen una gran fuerza que se ve incrementada con su poderosa apariencia y puesta en escena: tiene un gran mechón blanco en medio de sus largas rastas negras y siempre actúa descalzo. Además, su voz es extremadamente profunda, y sabe utilizarla con maestría para enfatizar e incrementar la trascendencia política que sus textos tienen en sí mismos. Como la mayoría de los poetas dub (aunque esta etiqueta sólo describe una parte de su trabajo, como él mismo ha manifestado), escribe en criollo jamaicano, inscribiéndose así en la importante tradición de poesía popular que cuenta con ilustres representantes como la jamaicana Louise Bennett, la entrañable Miss Lou.
Mutabaruka es un artista muy popular, que continúa realizando actuaciones por todo el mundo. Es probablemente el poeta dub más conocido de Jamaica, junto con Linton Kwesi Johnson, originario de Jamaica pero radicado en Gran Bretaña.
“Nursery Rhyme Lament” (Outcry)
fus time
jack an' jill
use fi run up de hill everyday
now dem get pipe
wata rate increase
everday dem woulda reincarnate humpty dumpty
fi fall of de wall
likkle bway blue
who love to blow im horn to de sheep in the meddow
likkle bway blue grow up now
an de sheep dem get curried
ina likkle cold suppa shap dang de street
yuh rememba wen man dida panda fi guh moon
yet dem did 'ave de cat a play fiddle
suh de cow coulda jump ova it every full moon
an' ...lite bill increase
...den there was de old ooman
who neva huh nuh family plannin clinic
she use fi live somewhey dung a back-o-wall
ina a lef' foot shoe
back-o-wall tun tivoli gardens now
suh she move
jack sprat...yes jack sprat
who could'nt stan' fat
im start eat it now
but im son tun vegetarian
cause meat scarce
likkle bo peep who lost her sheep
went out fi look fi dem
an' fine a politician instead
an is now livin on beverly hills
an society grow...
dickory dickory doc
de mouse run up de clock
all de tennants 'ave heart attack
suh de lan' lard nuh 'ave need fi com back
fus time man use fi lov' dem
but dem deh days dun
an wi write...
Grace Nichols (Guyana, 1950)
Grace Nichols nació en Georgetown y creció en un pueblecito de la costa guyanesa. Más tarde, su familia emigró a la ciudad, una experiencia de la que se nutre su primera novela, Whole of a Morning Sky (1986), en la que se retrata la Guyana de la década de los sesenta, cuando el país estaba en plena lucha por la independencia. En 1977, Nichols se trasladó a Gran Bretaña, donde continúa viviendo en la actualidad.
Nichols es una poeta reconocida internacionalmente en todo el ámbito anglófono. Su primer poemario, i is a long-memoried woman (1983), recibió el Premio de Poesía de la Commonwealth, y continúa hoy en día siendo una obra muy influyente por su revisión pionera, en el ámbito literario, de la esclavitud desde el punto de vista femenino. Otras obras poéticas incluyen The Fat Black Woman's Poems (1984), Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman (1989), ambas caracterizadas por tratar importantes cuestiones como la raza, el género o la identidad caribeña diaspórica con grandes dosis de humor; Sunris (1996), cuyo eje principal es el carnaval, una de las principales manifestaciones culturales caribeñas, y Startling the Flying Fish (2006), donde hace un repaso a la historia del Caribe.
Además de sus obras para un público lector adulto, Nichols es una reconocida autora de literatura infantil, a través de la cual intenta dar a conocer a las lectoras y lectores más jóvenes el legado cultural guyanés y caribeño. Algunos de sus libros infantiles incluyen: Come on into My Tropical Garden (1988), Give Yourself a Hug (1994) y Everybody Got A Gift (2005).
“The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping” (The Fat Black Woman’s Poems)
Shopping in London winter
is a real drag for the fat black woman
going from store to store
in search of accommodating clothes
and de weather so cold
Look at the frozen thin mannequins
fixing her with grin
and de pretty face salesgals
exchanging slimming glances
thinking she don’t notice
Lord is aggravating
Nothing soft and bright and billowing
to flow like breezy sunlight
when she walking
The fat black woman curses in Swahili/Yoruba
and nation language under her breathing
all this journeying and journeying
The fat black woman could only conclude
that when it come to fashion
the choice is lean
Nothing much beyond size 14
Grace Nichols nació en Georgetown y creció en un pueblecito de la costa guyanesa. Más tarde, su familia emigró a la ciudad, una experiencia de la que se nutre su primera novela, Whole of a Morning Sky (1986), en la que se retrata la Guyana de la década de los sesenta, cuando el país estaba en plena lucha por la independencia. En 1977, Nichols se trasladó a Gran Bretaña, donde continúa viviendo en la actualidad.
Nichols es una poeta reconocida internacionalmente en todo el ámbito anglófono. Su primer poemario, i is a long-memoried woman (1983), recibió el Premio de Poesía de la Commonwealth, y continúa hoy en día siendo una obra muy influyente por su revisión pionera, en el ámbito literario, de la esclavitud desde el punto de vista femenino. Otras obras poéticas incluyen The Fat Black Woman's Poems (1984), Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman (1989), ambas caracterizadas por tratar importantes cuestiones como la raza, el género o la identidad caribeña diaspórica con grandes dosis de humor; Sunris (1996), cuyo eje principal es el carnaval, una de las principales manifestaciones culturales caribeñas, y Startling the Flying Fish (2006), donde hace un repaso a la historia del Caribe.
Además de sus obras para un público lector adulto, Nichols es una reconocida autora de literatura infantil, a través de la cual intenta dar a conocer a las lectoras y lectores más jóvenes el legado cultural guyanés y caribeño. Algunos de sus libros infantiles incluyen: Come on into My Tropical Garden (1988), Give Yourself a Hug (1994) y Everybody Got A Gift (2005).
“The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping” (The Fat Black Woman’s Poems)
Shopping in London winter
is a real drag for the fat black woman
going from store to store
in search of accommodating clothes
and de weather so cold
Look at the frozen thin mannequins
fixing her with grin
and de pretty face salesgals
exchanging slimming glances
thinking she don’t notice
Lord is aggravating
Nothing soft and bright and billowing
to flow like breezy sunlight
when she walking
The fat black woman curses in Swahili/Yoruba
and nation language under her breathing
all this journeying and journeying
The fat black woman could only conclude
that when it come to fashion
the choice is lean
Nothing much beyond size 14
Olive Senior (Jamaica, 1941)
Olive Senior nació en Trelawny, Jamaica. Antes de irse a estudiar periodismo en Gales y en Canadá, trabajó durante un tiempo en el Jamaica Gleaner de Kingston. A su regreso a Jamaica, continuó trabajando como periodista y más tarde se incorporó al Instituto de Investigación Social y Económica (Institute of Social and Economic Research) de la University of the West Indies, donde desempeñó la importante labor de editora de la revista Social and Economic Studies. En 1982 se convirtió en la responsable del Jamaica Journal, editado por el Institute of Jamaica. En esos años, también coordinó y revisó un gran número de publicaciones sobre diferentes aspectos de la historia y cultura de Jamaica. Tras pasar algún tiempo en diversos países europeos, a comienzos de los años noventa, Senior fijó su residencia en Canadá, aunque continúa visitando Jamaica con regularidad y manteniendo un estrecho contacto con la cultura caribeña.
De hecho, el Caribe es el eje principal de su obra poética y narrativa, que incluye los poemarios Talking of Trees (1985), Gardening in the Tropics (1994) y Over the Roofs of the World (2005), y las colecciones de cuentos Summer Lightning (Premio de la Commonwealth en 1986), Arrival of the Snake Woman (1989) y Discerner of Hearts (1995). Entre sus obras ensayísticas destacan las siguientes: The Message Is Change (1972), sobre la primera victoria electoral del líder jamaicano Michael Manley; A-Z of Jamaican Heritage (1984, reeditada como Encyclopedia of Jamaican Heritage en 2004), y el importante estudio sociológico sobre las mujeres caribeñas Working Miracles: Women's Lives in the English-Speaking Caribbean (1991).
El universo literario de Olive Senior está poblado de personajes infantiles a través de los cuales se explora la construcción de la identidad personal en un contexto bicultural, profundamente marcado por la pervivencia de las tradiciones africanas, especialmente en el medio rural, y también por la cultura británica colonizadora, dominante en el medio urbano modernizado. Esta dualidad, que se recoge en el fragmento presentado de su conocidísimo cuento “The Two Grandmothers” se refleja en el uso del lenguaje, para cuyos matices Senior posee una sensibilidad especial que hace de sus obras todo un laboratorio del inglés jamaicano en sus múltiples variedades sociales.
“The Two Grandmothers” (Arrival of the Snake Woman)
I
[...]
Mummy, I really like Grandma Del’s house it’s nice and cosy and dark and cool inside with these lovely big picture frames of her family and Daddy as a baby and Daddy as a little boy and Daddy on the high school football team, they won Manning Cup that year Grandma says, did you know that Mummy? and Daddy at University and a wedding picture of Daddy and you and me as a baby and all the pictures you send Grandma every year [...]
Nights at Grandma are very funny. Mummy can you imagine there’s no TV? And its very, very dark. No street lights or any lights. We go to bed early and every night Grandma lights the oil lamps and then we blow them out when we are going to bed, you have to take a deep breath, and every morning Grandma checks the oil in the lamps and cleans the shades. They have “Home Sweet Home” written all around them. So beautiful. She cleans the shades with newspapers. She says when I come next year I’ll be old enough to clean them all by myself. Grandma knows such lovely stories; she tells me stories every night not stories from a book you know, Mummy, the way you read to me, but stories straight from her head. Really! I am going to learn stories from Grandma so when I am a grown lady I will remember all these stories to tell my children. Mummy, do you think I will?
II
Mummy, you know Grandma Elaine is so funny she says I’m not to call her Grandma any more, I’m to call her Towser like everybody else for I’m growing so fast nobody would believe that she could have such a big young lady for a granddaughter. [...]
Grandma Elaine says such funny things sometimes. Like she was dressing to go out last night and she was putting on make up and I said ‘Grandma’ (she was still Grandma then) I said, ‘Grandma, you shouldn’t paid your face like that you know, it is written in the Bible that it’s a sin. Grandma Del says so and I will never paint my face.’ And she said, ‘Darling, with all due respect to your paternal grandmother, she’s a lovely lady or was when I met her the one and only time at the wedding, and she has done one absolutely fantastic thing in her life which is to produce one son your esteemed father, one hunk of a guy, but honey, other than that your Grandmother Del is a country bumpkin of the deepest waters and don’t quote her goddam sayings to me.’ Mummy, you know Grandma Elaine swears like that all the time? I said, ‘Grandma you mustn’t swear and take the name of the Lord in vain.’ And she said, ‘Honeychile with all due respect to the grey hairs of your old grandmother and the first class brainwashing your daddy is allowing her to give you, I wish my granddaughter would get off my back and leave me to go to Hell in peace.’ Can you imagine she said that?
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Ana Bringas López: Universidad de Vigo (Galicia) España:
Ana Bringas López se especializa en filología inglesa y es profesora titular del Departamento de Filología Inglesa de la Universidad de Vigo, Galicia, España, donde imparte clases de Literatura en Lengua Inglesa.
Su investigación de centra en la literatura escrita por mujeres y en las teorías feministas y postcoloniales. Sobre estos temas ha publicado diversos trabajos.
Es integrante del Feminario de Investigaciones Feminismo y Resistencias de la Universidad de Vigo, en el marco del cual ha organizado diversos congresos internacionales, cursos, jornadas y seminarios sobre feminismo y postcolonialismo.
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Orbe Quince agradece a la autora la facilitación de este interesante trabajo.
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Orbe Quince agradece a la autora la facilitación de este interesante trabajo.
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